How to Navigate Biking on Sidewalk: Rules and Tips
Wondering if BIKING ON SIDEWALK is allowed and safer? Many cyclists prefer sidewalks to busy streets, but this choice comes with specific rules and risks. This article explores the legal aspects, safety measures, and best practices for riding on sidewalks, including the nuances of BIKING ON SIDEWALK. KEY TAKEAWAYS Sidewalk cycling poses unique safety risks, including reduced visibility and potential conflicts with pedestrians, making it crucial for cyclists to assess local regulations and traffic conditions before riding. Local laws regarding sidewalk cycling vary significantly; cyclists must be well-informed about specific regulations in their area to avoid legal issues and ensure safer biking practices. Cyclists are advised to yield to pedestrians, use audible signals when passing, and prefer bike lanes when available to enhance safety and comply with local traffic laws. Understanding Biking on the Sidewalk Sidewalk cycling, the act of riding a bicycle on designated pedestrian walkways, is a practice that often stirs debate. While sidewalks are primarily designed for pedestrian use, many cyclists find themselves using these paths for various reasons—be it safety concerns on busy roads or a lack of dedicated bike lanes. However, this practice brings its own set of challenges and risks. Cyclists on sidewalks face unique safety hazards, including reduced visibility at intersections and driveways, and potential conflicts with pedestrians. In fact, many areas expect adults to ride on the street rather than on sidewalks to mitigate these risks. For instance, New York City generally discourages sidewalk cycling due to high pedestrian traffic. Understanding these nuances is the first step in ensuring safer and legal rides. Safety Considerations for Sidewalk Cycling Photo by Eugenia Pankiv on Unsplash Safety is paramount when it comes to sidewalk riding. Cyclists must navigate a host of potential hazards, from unexpected encounters with pedestrians to visibility issues at intersections. It’s essential to assess whether sidewalk cycling is the safest option based on local regulations and the density of pedestrian traffic. Let’s delve into some specific safety considerations. Visibility Issues Reduced visibility is a significant concern for cyclists on sidewalks. When riding on sidewalks, cyclists often find themselves less visible to vehicles, particularly at intersections and driveways. This decreased visibility increases the risk of accidents, as drivers may not expect a cyclist to be crossing their path. Cyclists need to exercise extra caution and make sure they are visible to oncoming traffic. Driveway and Intersection Risks Cyclists face significant risks at driveways and intersections. Vehicles exiting driveways or nearing intersections might not expect bike traffic, increasing the chance of accidents. Cyclists should slow down, remain vigilant, and be ready for sudden vehicle movements. Crossing from a sidewalk to the road requires awareness of oncoming traffic and a cautious approach. Pedestrians Conflicts with pedestrians are another critical issue in sidewalk riding. Crowded sidewalks, obstacles, and limited space can lead to accidents. Cyclists should consider dismounting and walking their bikes at busy intersections to avoid collisions. Minimizing conflicts and ensuring safety on shared pathways involves respecting pedestrian space and exercising patience. Obeying Local Laws Local laws regarding sidewalk cycling can vary significantly, making it vital for cyclists to be well-informed. Different states and municipalities have their own regulations, and what is permitted in one place may be prohibited in another. Knowing these local laws helps avoid legal issues and promotes safer cycling practices in accordance with local ordinance. Always remember to check local laws. State and local regulations can differ widely when it comes to sidewalk cycling. California, for example, lacks a uniform state law for bicycle use, so local jurisdictions set specific rules. In contrast, New York City generally restricts sidewalk cycling to children under 13 and certain small-wheeled bicycles. Pennsylvania allows sidewalk cycling unless local regulations state otherwise. Knowing these distinctions is crucial for legal compliance. Due to the variability in local laws, cyclists should verify regulations in their specific area. For example, New York City prohibits riding on sidewalks unless explicitly allowed by signage. New Jersey does not ban sidewalk cycling at the state level, but some municipalities have local prohibitions. Additionally, several states require cyclists to give an audible warning before overtaking pedestrians. Examples of varying local laws underscore the need to stay informed. In New Jersey, some local governments ban sidewalk cycling despite state permissions, whereas New York City permits it only in certain areas. Resources like the Bike League provide comprehensive overviews of bike law, bicycle laws, and state laws across states, aiding cyclists in navigating these complexities. Major states have their own specific rules regarding sidewalk cycling, reflecting diverse approaches to regulation and sidewalk cycling vary, along with separate laws. Consider the specific rules in California, New York, and Florida. California In California, the absence of a statewide law on sidewalk cycling means local ordinances are crucial. Regulations can vary significantly between cities and counties, with some areas allowing sidewalk cycling only on designated bike routes. Cyclists must be aware of local rules to prohibit riding and ensure compliance. New York New York’s regulations are stringent, particularly in New York City, where sidewalk cycling is generally illegal except under specific circumstances. Cyclists must adhere to traffic laws, including obeying signals and signs, and ride with traffic. Motorists must treat cyclists with the same rights and responsibilities as other motor vehicle, promoting mutual safety. Safety gear requirements, such as functional brakes and lights, are also enforced. Florida In Florida, cyclists are generally allowed to ride on sidewalks unless local ordinances prohibit it. However, cyclists must yield to pedestrians and follow additional local regulations for safer riding. Business Districts and Restricted Areas Business districts and high-traffic areas often have specific restrictions on sidewalk cycling. Local ordinances typically dictate whether cyclists can ride on sidewalks in these areas. For example, Pennsylvania allows sidewalk riding unless local laws prohibit it, which is common in populated areas. States like Hawaii and Missouri restrict sidewalk cycling in business districts, expecting cyclists to use the road instead. Cyclists have specific rights and duties when riding on sidewalks. They must yield to
Cycling in the Grand Canyon State: Guide to New Arizona Bicycle Laws for 2024 and 2025
As Arizona continues to grow in popularity as a destination for cyclists, whether for recreation or commuting, state legislators and city governments have taken steps to ensure the safety and accessibility of bicycling on public roads. For 2024 and 2025, several new laws and proposed ordinances are designed to address emerging issues in cycling safety, road-sharing, and infrastructure development. This article provides a detailed overview of the latest legislative changes affecting cyclists across the state, as well as proposed local ordinances in major cities like Phoenix, Tucson, and Flagstaff.
Top Risks and Most Common Dangers of Cycling on the Road
Cycling on the road presents many dangers such as potholes, traffic interactions, and low visibility. To ride safely, it’s crucial to understand the most common dangers of cycling on the road and how to navigate them. This guide will help you identify these hazards and provide practical tips for safer cycling. Key Takeaways Common Road Hazards for Cyclists Cyclists face numerous risks from road hazards, which can stem from both environmental factors and human negligence. From potholes to road debris, and poorly maintained bike lanes, these hazards can cause significant injuries or damage to bicycles. Being aware of these dangers and knowing how to navigate them effectively ensures safer rides. Every cyclist should understand the specific types of hazards, such as potholes, debris, and inadequately maintained bike lanes. Each of these hazards requires different skills and awareness levels to avoid accidents. Let’s explore these common road hazards in more detail. Potholes and Uneven Surfaces Potholes can be particularly hazardous for cyclists, often leading to loss of control or severe injuries if not navigated carefully. Hitting a pothole unexpectedly can throw a cyclist off their bike, resulting in serious accidents. Cyclists should develop the skill to navigate around potholes to maintain bicycle safety. This includes staying alert and scanning the road ahead to avoid these dangerous obstacles. Debris on the Road Road debris, including loose materials like gravel and broken glass, poses critical hazards for cyclists and gravel bikes. These can puncture tires, leading to potentially dangerous falls and crashes. Remaining vigilant to notice and avoid such debris is crucial, as neglecting it can result in serious accidents and injuries. Poorly Maintained Bike Lanes Poorly maintained bike lanes can significantly increase the risk of accidents for cyclists. Issues like potholes, debris, and unclear road markings within bike lanes create unsafe conditions that can lead to falls and collisions. These lanes must be adequately maintained to ensure the safety of all cyclists on the road and the bike lane. Interactions with Motor Vehicles The greatest safety risk for cyclists is interactions with motor vehicles. Accidents involving vehicles are often underreported, so cyclists need to be extra cautious. Intersections, in particular, pose substantial risks, especially from turning vehicles that may not always see cyclists. Bicyclists are required to follow the same traffic laws as motorists, including obeying signals and road signs to ensure safety on the road. Cyclists can navigate traffic more safely by understanding the dangers posed by vehicle blind spots, dooring incidents, and close passes. Each of these scenarios requires specific awareness and strategies to avoid accidents. Let’s delve into these common interactions and how to manage them effectively. Vehicle Blind Spots Large vehicles, such as trucks and buses, have extensive blind spots that can put cyclists at significant risk. These blind spots can obscure cyclists from drivers’ views, making collisions more likely. Awareness of these areas and avoiding them whenever possible helps cyclists stay safer. Dooring Incidents Dooring incidents occur when a motorist opens a car door into a cyclist’s path, posing a severe danger. Such incidents often result in severe injuries as cyclists collide with the suddenly opened door. Drivers should check their mirrors before opening doors to prevent these accidents, and cyclists should ride at a safer distance from parked cars. Close Passes Vehicles passing too closely to cyclists pose a significant threat to their safety. Insufficient space when vehicles overtake cyclists can lead to dangerous situations and increase the likelihood of collisions. Motorists should give cyclists ample space when passing to ensure their safety on the road. Navigating Intersections Intersections are high-risk areas for cyclists, with a significant number of collisions occurring in these zones. Right-hook and left-hook collisions are particularly prevalent, happening when vehicles turn across the path of cyclists. Familiarity with traffic signs and signals helps cyclists navigate intersections safely and reduce their risk of accidents. To minimize the risk of collisions at intersections, cyclists should continuously scan for traffic and signal their intentions clearly. Understanding the types of collisions and how to avoid them significantly enhances cyclist safety at these critical points. Right-Hook and Left-Hook Collisions Right-hook collisions occur when a vehicle turns right across the path of an oncoming cyclist, often leading to serious injuries. These collisions typically happen when a vehicle passes a cyclist and then turns right, misjudging the cyclist’s speed or location. Left-hook collisions, on the other hand, occur when a vehicle turns left into the path of a cyclist, often leading to severe accidents. Being vigilant at intersections and signaling intentions helps cyclists avoid dangerous situations. Misunderstood Traffic Signs and Signals Cyclists must understand traffic signals to navigate intersections safely and avoid accidents. Failure to recognize or misinterpret traffic signs can lead to dangerous situations. Cyclists must follow traffic signals closely to ensure their safety and prevent collisions with vehicles. Night Riding and Low Visibility Cycling at night significantly increases the risk of accidents due to lower visibility conditions. Reduced visibility for both cyclists and motorists can lead to dangerous situations. Adopting safer behaviors and practices enhances cyclists’ visibility and predictability on the road. Using a road bike for night riding can be effective, but it is crucial to ensure proper visibility. To improve safety during night rides, cyclists should wear bright clothing and use lights to make themselves more visible to drivers. Additionally, adverse weather conditions like rain and fog can further impair visibility, making it essential for cyclists to adjust their riding techniques accordingly. Importance of Bright Clothing and Lights Bright colors and reflective gear enhance visibility to motorists when riding at night. Front and rear lights on a bicycle ensure that cyclists are seen by others on the road. Reflective gear and bright clothing significantly enhance a cyclist’s visibility, helping to prevent accidents in low-light conditions. Weather Conditions Adverse weather conditions like rain and fog can severely impair visibility, heightening the dangers for cyclists. Cyclists should adjust their riding strategies in such conditions to maintain safety. This includes slowing down, using lights, and wearing appropriate
Biking While Pregnant: Safe Tips and Benefits
Is biking while pregnant safer? If you’re wondering whether you can continue cycling, you’re not alone. Before you get the green light from your healthcare provider, it’s important to consult them to ensure it is safer for you to ride. This article will dispel common myths, highlight the benefits, and provide practical tips to keep you riding safely throughout your pregnancy. Key Takeaways Cycling during pregnancy is generally safer and offers cardiovascular benefits, but consulting a healthcare provider is crucial to tailor activities to individual needs. Staying active can help alleviate common pregnancy discomforts and boost mood, while safety precautions and modifications to bike setup are important as pregnancy progresses. Listening to your body and adapting your routine based on your comfort and energy levels ensures a positive cycling experience throughout pregnancy and beyond. Understanding the Basics of Biking While Pregnant Cycling is generally considered a safer, low-impact cardiovascular exercise, which makes it suitable for most pregnant women. However, approaching biking during pregnancy with caution is advised. Consult your healthcare provider before starting or continuing a cycling routine to ensure it’s safer for both you and your baby. This consultation can help tailor your cycling activities to your specific needs and capacities, especially considering that personal circumstances like morning sickness may affect your ability to ride. Using a mountain bike during pregnancy can provide added stability and a more comfortable upright position, which is beneficial as your body undergoes changes. Many pregnant women worry about the safety of cycling during early pregnancy, particularly due to concerns about miscarriage or the effects of physical activity on the embryo. A pregnant woman can expect to encounter a range of opinions and advice, some of which might be extreme or unsolicited. The key is to stay informed and listen to your body’s signals. Remember, long road bike tours or competitive cycling might not be advisable during pregnancy, so understanding and respecting your limits is crucial. Benefits of Cycling During Pregnancy Cycling offers numerous cardiovascular benefits that can be particularly advantageous during pregnancy. Regular biking helps enhance heart function and circulation, which is vital for both mother and baby. Managing weight gain during pregnancy is another significant benefit, as it can help lower the risks of conditions such as gestational diabetes and hypertension. In addition to physical benefits, cycling can alleviate common pregnancy discomforts such as backaches and swelling in the legs. By strengthening muscles and improving blood flow, you can enjoy a more comfortable pregnancy. Furthermore, the endorphins released during physical activity like cycling can significantly boost your mood and improve sleep quality, reducing anxiety and depression. For many pregnant women, maintaining a consistent cycling routine can be a wonderful way to stay active, enjoy the outdoors, and manage stress. Whether you prefer cycling outdoors or using a stationary bike indoors, the key is to find a routine that works for you and supports your overall well-being. Improves Cardiovascular Health and Reduces Risk of Gestational Diabetes Cycling during pregnancy is a fantastic way to boost cardiovascular health and reduce the risk of gestational diabetes. Engaging in regular physical activity, such as cycling, can significantly improve insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism, which helps in lowering the chances of developing gestational diabetes. Additionally, cycling can help manage blood pressure and enhance overall cardiovascular health, which is crucial for both the mother and the developing baby. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week, such as cycling, to promote a healthy pregnancy. By incorporating cycling into your routine, you’re not only supporting your heart health but also setting a strong foundation for a healthy pregnancy journey. Enhances Mood and Reduces Stress Cycling during pregnancy can be a wonderful way to enhance your mood and reduce stress. Physical activity, including cycling, triggers the release of endorphins, often referred to as “feel-good” hormones, which can help alleviate symptoms of anxiety and depression. Many pregnant women find that cycling provides a sense of freedom and independence, which can be particularly uplifting during a time when physical changes might feel restrictive. The rhythmic motion of cycling and the opportunity to enjoy the outdoors can help you feel more connected to your body and better prepared for the physical demands of motherhood. Embrace the joy of cycling and let it be a source of mental and emotional well-being throughout your pregnancy. Supports a Healthy Weight Gain During Pregnancy Maintaining a healthy weight gain during pregnancy is essential for a smooth pregnancy and postpartum recovery, and cycling can play a key role in achieving this. Regular physical activity, such as cycling, helps manage weight gain and reduces the risk of excessive weight gain, which can lead to complications during pregnancy and childbirth. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends that pregnant women aim to gain 25-35 pounds during pregnancy, and cycling can help you stay within this range. By incorporating cycling into your routine, you’re supporting a healthy weight gain that benefits both you and your baby, ensuring a healthier and more comfortable pregnancy experience. Safety Precautions for Pregnant Cyclists Safety is the top priority when cycling during pregnancy. While biking is generally safer, taking specific precautions can help ensure a secure and enjoyable experience. Mountain biking, although thrilling and physically beneficial, presents significant dangers due to uneven terrain, increasing the risk of falls or injuries during pregnancy. Pregnant women should avoid pushing their limits or trying to break records. Instead, focus on moderate, steady rides that prioritize comfort and safety. If at any point you no longer feel safer or comfortable while riding, it’s important to stop immediately and reassess. Outdoor cycling, especially on rough terrain, can pose higher risks of falls, which could lead to abdominal trauma. To minimize these risks, consider transitioning to a stationary bike indoors after the first trimester. Always wear a well-fitting helmet and stay within cell service areas, carrying a phone in case you need to call for help. Proper cycling
Tips for Handling a Bicycle Accident in Orange County, CA
How to Handle a Bicycle Accident in Orange County Handling a bicycle accident in Orange County involves gathering evidence at the scene, seeking medical attention, and hiring an experienced bicycle accident attorney. By taking these steps, injured cyclists can ensure that they receive proper treatment and support, as well as secure the compensation they deserve for their injuries and damages. It is important to act quickly after a bicycle accident to ensure that all evidence is collected. Gathering Evidence at the Scene Collecting evidence at the scene of a bicycle accident can be crucial for building a strong case. If you are involved in a bicycle accident, it is important to: This information will help support your case and ensure that you have all the necessary details for any legal proceedings. In addition to collecting this information, you should also: These steps can be essential for building a strong case and securing the compensation you deserve. Seeking Medical Attention Seeking medical attention after a bicycle accident is essential for documenting injuries and ensuring proper treatment and recovery. Even if your injuries appear minor, it is important to be evaluated by a healthcare professional, as some injuries may not be immediately apparent. After receiving treatment, be sure to follow any prescribed treatment plans and attend follow-up appointments as needed. Retaining records of all medical appointments, diagnoses, treatments received, and medications prescribed can be invaluable in supporting your case and securing compensation for your injuries. Hiring an Experienced Bicycle Accident Attorney Hiring an experienced bicycle accident attorney can help victims in the following ways: Consulting with a specialized lawyer for bicycle accidents, such as Lawyers 4 Cyclists, is vital to make sure your legal rights are defended and that you obtain the reimbursement you deserve. It also ensures you have all necessary information about your legal options. By engaging the services of an attorney who specializes in bicycle accident cases, you can ensure that your rights are protected and that you receive the support and resources necessary to recover from your injuries and move forward with your life. Summary In summary, bicycle accidents in Orange County are a serious concern that requires attention from both cyclists and drivers. By understanding the risks, implementing safety measures, and knowing their legal rights and responsibilities, cyclists can reduce their chances of being involved in an accident and ensure their safety on the road. Whether you are a cyclist or a driver, we all share the responsibility of creating a safer environment for everyone on the road. Together, we can make a difference and reduce the number of bicycle accidents in Orange County.
Understanding Ebike Laws: What Riders Need to Know
Ebike laws are key to riding safely and legally. This article explains e-bike classes, important federal and state laws, age restrictions, safety gear, and where you can ride. Stay compliant and safer by understanding these regulations. Key Takeaways E-bikes are categorized into three classes based on speed and assistance: Class 1 offers pedal assistance up to 20 mph, Class 2 includes a throttle for the same speed, and Class 3 provides pedal assistance up to 28 mph with no throttle. Federal and state regulations govern e-bike usage, with specific focus on safety standards set by the CPSC and varying age and licensing requirements across states to ensure safer operation. E-bike riders must adhere to traffic laws and local regulations, including speed limits, helmet use, and safety gear, to promote safer riding environments and reduce accident risks. Defining E-Bikes and Their Classes Electric bikes, or e-bikes, are bicycles equipped with a battery and an electric motor that assists with pedaling. These electric bicycles enhance pedaling, making it easier to climb hills and travel longer distances with less effort than traditional electric bike. E-bikes in the United States are categorized into three distinct classes based on their speed and the type of assistance they provide: Class 1 e-bikes offer pedal assistance up to a maximum speed of 20 miles per hour. They are perfect for those who want a bit of extra help while pedaling but prefer not to use a throttle. Class 2 e-bikes also reach a maximum speed of 20 miles per hour but include a throttle that can propel the bike without any pedaling effort. Class 3 e-bikes provide pedal assistance and can reach speeds up to 28 miles per hour, although they do not have a throttle. Each e-bike class has specific regulations and permitted usage areas. For instance, while Class 1 and Class 2 e-bikes can be used in most bike lanes and paths, Class 3 e-bikes, due to their higher speeds, often face more restrictions. Identifying your e-bike’s class ensures compliance with local laws and promotes safety. Federal regulations are key to maintaining e-bike rider safety. The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) mandates that e-bikes comply with safety standards to protect consumers. These standards cover construction, performance, and safety features, ensuring e-bikes are reliable and safer. Federal Regulations for E-Bikes The rise in e bike sales has been accompanied by an increase in e-bike accidents and injuries, highlighting the importance of adhering to these safety standards. The CPSC advises e-bike users to only utilize models that meet the established consensus safety standards for micro-mobility injuries devices. This includes features like effective brakes, functioning lights, and reflectors, which are essential for saferoperation, especially in low-light conditions. Following these standards helps e-bike riders minimize accident and injury risks. Interestingly, e-bikes are regulated similarly to traditional, human-powered bicycles under federal law. Thus, many rules for conventional bicycles also apply to e-bikes. This alignment simplifies regulations, making it easier for riders to understand and comply with legal requirements. State-Specific E-Bike Laws State-specific laws can vary widely, affecting e-bike usage despite a broad federal framework. In some states, outdated laws fail to classify e-bikes, causing confusion and legal issues. For example, in New York, e-bikes are permitted on streets and bike lanes, but local governments have the authority to impose additional restrictions. In Texas, e-bikes are treated similarly to conventional bicycles under traffic laws and do not require a special license for operation. This makes it easier for riders to use e-bikes without needing to navigate complex licensing processes. However, in other states, the regulations might be more stringent, highlighting the importance of understanding the specific laws in your state. Riders should always learn local regulations to ensure compliance and safety. Understanding the rules helps avoid fines and legal issues, ensuring a safer experience for all road users. Age Restrictions and Licensing Requirements Age restrictions and licensing requirements for e-bike riders differ significantly across the United States. In some states, such as Alabama and Alaska, riders must be at least 14 years old to operate an e-bike. Florida, on the other hand, permits individuals 16 years and older to ride e-bikes. These restrictions ensure younger riders possess the necessary skills to operate e-bikes safely. Interestingly, most states do not require e-bike riders to obtain a special license or register their bikes. For example, Wyoming has no age restrictions or licensing requirements for e-bike riders. This leniency promotes e-bikes as a convenient and accessible transportation mode for various age groups. E-Bike Road Rules and Traffic Regulations E-bike riders must follow standard traffic laws to ensure everyone’s safety. This involves obeying traffic signals, using bike lanes, and following rules for conventional bicycles. Using bike lanes and paths promotes safety and integrates e-bikes into the traffic ecosystem. Adhering to these rules is crucial, as the rise in fatal bicycle accidents involving e-bikes underscores the need for strict compliance with traffic laws. Many states, like California, have specific classifications for e-bikes that allow their use on bike paths and lanes. This ensures e-bikes are used in appropriate areas, reducing accident risks with pedestrians and vehicles. Riders should be aware of local regulations, as some areas might impose additional restrictions. Keeping e-bikes in good working condition is crucial for safety. Regular inspections, especially of brakes and handlebars, and ensuring lights and reflectors meet standards can greatly enhance safety. Helmet Use and Safety Helmet use is vital for e-bike safety, especially in preventing severe injuries during accidents. The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) warns that collisions with motor vehicles pose a significant hazard for e-bike riders. Wearing a helmet can significantly reduce the risk of head injuries, which are among the most serious in e-bike accidents. In addition to head injuries, e-bike accidents can result in severe internal injuries, making the use of comprehensive safety gear essential. Despite their importance, specific helmet laws for e-bike riders are often lacking, and regulations vary by state. However, wearing a helmet and other safety gear is imperative to minimize
Lawyers 4 Cyclists Founder, Steve Rosen, Featured on CBS News Report on E-Bike Safety
2 On Your Side: Orange County Sees Spike In E-Bike Accidents Founder of Lawyers for Cyclists was recently interviewed on CBS2 as an authority on e-bike injuries and safety. “…The amount of growth we’ve seen in accidents, and specifically catastrophic injuries related to e-bikes, is steadily on the rise,” said Steve Rosen. Rosen says many of his clients treated e-bikes as they would traditional bicycles. “I think people mistakenly believe that e-bikes are just like any bicycle,” Rosen said. “‘I am just getting on a bike. I am going to ride it like I have since I was 4-years-old.’ It’s not. It’s more akin to a motorcycle or mopeds we used to have.” For full story, go here.